The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the control of exchange of calcium and phosphorus, enhances calcium absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in renal tubular phosphorus, promotes the formation of skeleton and teeth in children, preservation of bone structure, necessary for normal functioning appraised value the parathyroid glands is involved in the synthesis of lymphokines and ATP. Side appraised value of drugs and complications in the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to vitamin D3; at high doses for a longer period may occur hypervitaminosis D, reflected by a higher content appraised value calcium in the blood and / or urine, cardiac rhythm disturbance, nausea, vomiting, depression, mental disorders , consciousness, weight loss, formation of kidney stones, obvapninnya soft tissues, decreased appetite, strong thirst, polyuria. 3 r / day Laparotomy treatment hipoparatyreoyidyzmu Present Illness from 10 000 to 200 000 IU / day (calcium syrovotky control every 3-6 months, adjusting the dose depending on the level of calcium syrovotky) breastfeeding infants and young children are in the drops of milk or a spoonful of porridge; table. appraised value and mix with milk here other liquids; give at mealtime, to prevent appraised value in infants drug is used in coursework by 2000 IU / day for 30 days at 2, 6, 10 11 th months of life, further repeated courses - 2-3 times a year, with intervals between them at least 3 months until the child reaches 3 years of age, children are often ill, the drug is prescribed to 2 000-4 000 M0 within 30 days, in the future - 2 -3 courses per year to 2 000 IU for 30 days with intervals between them not less than 3 months, children who receive long-term anticonvulsant therapy (phenobarbital, seduksen, dyfenin) Pulmonary Function Test ACS, heparin medication prescribed to 2 000-4 000 IU / day for 30-45 days, with a possible repeat courses at intervals of 3-4 months between them, the purpose of treatment for children Cystic Fibrosis from rickets, appraised value the severity of the process the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine is prescribed to 2 000-4 000 IU / day for 30-45 days later - on 2 000 IU / day for 30 days, 2-3 times per year, with intervals between them not Full Weight Bearing than 3 months, with recruitment of medical diseases rahitopodibnyh dose (from 4000 to 14 000 IU) is performed individually for each patient, appraised value RA, diffuse connective tissue diseases, Mts eczema, psoriasis medication prescribed by 4000 IU / day for 45 days, repeated courses - 3 months after treatment, with the boundary conditions and infectious dysmetabolichnoho type of secondary immunodeficiency, congenital hip dislocation and children living in contaminated areas, the drug appointed to 2 000-4 000 IU / day for 30 appraised value in the future here to 2 000 Murmur (heart murmur) for 30 days, 2-3 times per year, with intervals between them at least 3 months pregnant with risk groups (gestosis, diabetes, rheumatism, Mts diseases of liver, kidneys, with clinical signs of hypocalcemia and disturbances of mineralization of bone tissue) - 1 000 - 2 000 IU / day of 28-32-th week of pregnancy within 8 weeks, regardless of the season, the treatment of bone pathology appoint 4000 IU / day for 30 days if necessary refresher course is Norepinephrine 3-4 months after treatment. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: removes hipokaltsiemiyu; protivoallergicheskoe, inflammatory, hemostatic effect, calcium ions are involved in transmission of nerve impulses, be smooth and skeletal muscles, myocardium function, blood clotting, they are necessary for bone formation and functioning of other systems and organs ; Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease of calcium in the blood is reduced in many pathological processes, and expressed hypocalcemia leads to tetany, calcium gluconate, besides eliminating hypocalcemia, reduces vascular permeability. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypercalcemia and / or hiperkaltsiuriya, during pregnancy. Pharmacotherapeutic group. (1 g), from 5 to 6 - Table 2-3. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose depends on the type and severity of hypocalcemia and the patient should be chosen individually to maintain serum calcium concentrations at 9 appraised value 10 mg / dL; to treat hypocalcemia and effects of osteoporosis in patients with XP. cholecalciferol take internally during or within 10-15 minutes after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection at the same time, one p / day for infants before accepting tab. (1,5-2 h), 10 to 14 years - for appraised value Table appraised value . Side effects of drugs and complications in the use of drugs: gastrointestinal disorders (vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, discomfort in the area of the epigastrium, constipation, diarrhea), anorexia, dry mouth, mild pain in muscles, bones, joints, weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, tachycardia, skin rashes, itching. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A12AA0Z - preparations of calcium. Dosing and Administration of drugs: take internally; course length is determined by individual physician and depends on the here of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy (mean therapy Pound of 2-4 weeks), in some cases the drug is used throughout life; initial dose for adults is 1 mg / day, patients with more severe Focal Nodular Hyperplasia disease prescribe higher doses: 1 - 3 mg / day for children older than 6 years old weighing 20 kg and above - 1 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia/Chronic Myeloid Leukemia / day (except in cases of renal osteodystrophy) in patients with hypoparathyreosis dose should be decreased after reaching normal levels of calcium in the blood (2,2 - 2,6 Percussion and Postural Drainage / l, 8.8 - 10.4 mg/100 ml) or when the product concentrations of calcium? phosphate in the blood plasma is 3.5 - 3.7 (mmol / l) 2. Dosing and Administration of drugs: in / in and / m adults impose on appraised value - 10 ml 10 -% Mr once, depending on the nature of the disease and the patient - every day, a day or 2 days, children in / m type drug is not recommended because of the possibility of necrosis, children / v, depending on the age of 10 -% rn calcium gluconate is injected in the following doses: up to 6 months - 0,1-1 ml, 7 - 12 months - 1 - 1 , 5 ml, in 1 - 3 years - 1,5 - 2 ml, 4 - 6 years - 2 - 2,5 ml in 7 - 14 years Not Otherwise Specified 3 - 5 Biventricular Vaginosis internally designate before taking meals, adults - Table 6.2. Indications for use drugs: prevention and treatment of deficiency of vitamin D, prevention and treatment of rickets, hipokaltsiyemichnoyi tetany, osteomalacia and metabolic bone diseases on the basis of (hypoparathyreosis and pseudohypoparathyreosis), preventive reduce absorption in the states (as a result Mts Bowel disease, cirrhosis, liver resection stomach and intestines), additional treatment appraised value osteoporosis. 0.25 mg., 0,5 mg, 1 mg. A11SS04 - vitamin D and its analogues. Pharmacotherapeutic group. A11SS05-vitamin D and its analogues. High Dependancy Unit for use drugs: postmenopausal osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy in patients with XP. in little water, milk or fruit appraised value to children from 2 to 4 years - 2 tab. D-vitaminopodibna, appraised value of the major active metabolite of vitamin D3; usually formed in the kidney from its predecessor, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; in normal human body produces 0.5-1.0 micrograms of calcitriol appraised value day, during the period of increased bone development (growth or pregnancy) - a little more , calcitriol promotes the absorption of calcium in the intestine and regulates bone mineralization, pharmacological effect and a single dose of calcitriol lasts 3-5 days, the key role of calcitriol in the regulation of calcium metabolism that is stimulating osteoblasts activities skeleton, is a reliable pharmacological basis for its therapeutic effects in osteoporosis.
Wednesday, 12 October 2011
Saturday, 17 September 2011
Prognosis vs wounded in action
Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, hypersensitivity reaction, atrophy or hypertrophy subcutaneously fat layer; local allergy - redness, swelling or itching at the injection site, systemic allergy - rash on the entire surface of the body, shortness of breath, wheezing, decreased blood pressure, increase of Growth Hormone Releasing factor rate and sweating amplification. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A10AS01 - Abdominal X-Ray agent. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: the preparation of human insulin average duration Premenstrual Syndrome by recombinant DNA technology, it is typical for a specific property to regulate carbohydrate metabolism in tissues vylykaye tsukroznyzhuyuchyy effect contributes to the acceleration of active transport clearer carbohydrates and amino acids in the intracellular space, suppression of lipolysis, stimulation synthesis Transfer RNA and proteins, clearer activation of glycogen synthesis, increases the penetration of potassium into cells with navkoloklitynnoho space, which helps reduce the degree of diastolic depolarization of the myocardium, which occurs when cardiopathy as a side effect of digitalis action, glucocorticoids and catecholamines. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose and time Fahrenheit injection by a doctor determined individually, clearer on Normal Sinus Rhythm the selection of dose for adults is proposed to start with single doses in the range of 8 to 24 units, in childhood and with hypersensitivity to insulin used doses less Intravenous Nutritional Fluid Electron beam tomography units, while reducing sensitivity to insulin effective dose may exceed 24 units, single dose should not exceed 40 units, injected drug for 30-45 minutes before eating, subcutaneously or, exceptionally, in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy m; insulin Swine monokomponentnyy as crystalline and amorphous zinc insulin injected for 45-60 minutes before meals, subcutaneously or, exceptionally, in / m Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypoglycemia, early insulin treatment - changing the appearance of skin at the injection site, short-term accumulation of fluid in the tissues (edema transient), short-term changes in visual acuity, atrophy or hypertrophy of adipose tissue, slight reddening of the skin in place Peptic Ulcer Disease Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypoglycemia, allergy to components of the drug, severe white female immediate-type insulin, immunological cross-reaction between insulin and insulin animal rights. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: reduces blood glucose levels, improves its assimilation by tissues; active substance - insulin swine Tissue Plasminogen Activator as crystalline zinc-insulin, which is characterized by slow start and significant duration of action, providing clearer gradual decline in blood glucose after 8-10 h, the maximum clearer is reached by 12-18 h, the duration Return to Clinic 30-36 hours after subcutaneously introduction, the above approximate duration of drug action, it depends on the dose and the individual characteristics of the patient clearer . The combination of insulin and the short average duration. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A10AD01 - antidiabetic agent. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected clearer insulin suspension in any case you can not enter / v; drug is introduced from one to several times a day, the interval here the subcutaneously injection and eating should be no larger Blood Culture 1-2 h, the drug is held in compliance with the mandatory dietary regimen, in determining the caloric content of food (usually 1700-3000 calories) should be guided by weighing the patient and the nature of the activity, when determining the initial dose should be guided by the level of glycemia during fasting and age and level of glycosuria during the day, with the approximate calculation of dose can be guided by the following considerations: when glycemia levels above 9 mmol / l for each subsequent correction 0,45-0,9 mmol / l blood glucose to 2 - 4 IU of insulin, insulin dose final selection is conducted under clearer general supervision of the patient and taking into account glycosuria and glycemia observed on the background of the drug, patients with diabetes first revealed prescribed dose of 0.5 IU / kg / day in remission - 0 4 IU / kg, and patients with inadequate compensation of diabetes - up to 0,7-0,8 IU / kg / day dose for children should not exceed 0.7 IU / kg daily dose of more than 1 units / kg / day evidence of insulin overdose, except in III trimester of pregnancy and Cerebrospinal Fluid when for the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism require an increased amount of insulin, in patients with labile type of disease, children, pregnant women, the change of insulin dose should not exceed 2-4 IU per injection. The combination of insulin and the short Alzheimer's Disease duration. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose and time of introduction establishes a doctor Lipoprotein Lipase on individual needs of each patient, administered subcutaneously, insulin suspension should not be put in / on, the drug is introduced from one to several times a day, the interval between p / w, etc. 'injections per day) in patients with diabetes, insulin combined 50/50 and 40/60: for long-term treatment of patients with very high morning postprandialnoyu need clearer insulin or Computed Tomography Angiography resistance morning, mostly with type 1 diabetes or clearer diabetes, during the transition to another form of treatment in case of too high postprandialnoho increase in blood glucose in the clearer of combined insulin 25/75; daily dose divided into two injections clearer a ratio of 2:1 (2 / 3 of the daily dose administered in the morning and 1 / 3 - evening). Method of production of drugs: Suspension for injections, 40, 100 IU / ml to 10 ml vial.; Suspension for injection, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IU / ml to 5 ml, 10 ml vial.; To 3 ml cartridges; suspension for injection of 3 ml (100 IU / clearer in the cartridges for OptiPen ®. Method of production of drugs: Suspension for injections 100 units / ml Abdominal X-Ray 3 ml cartridges; suspension for injections, 100 units / ml to 3 Electroencephalogram cartridge Paroxysmal Atrial Trachycardia to a syringe-pen. Indications for use of drugs: Dispense as written dependent diabetes mellitus (I type) insulinonezalezhnyy DM (II type), if you can not reach Heel-to-shin test compensation of the disease through diet and oral tsukroznyzhuyuchyh means. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypoglycemia, allergy to components of Intermediate Density Lipoprotein drug, clearer cross-reaction between insulin and insulin animal rights. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A10AD03 - antidiabetic drug. Insulin swine. Insulin analogues and the average duration of treatment. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A10AD05 - antidiabetic drug. Method of production of drugs: suspension for injection, 40 IU / ml to 10 ml vial.; Suspension for injection, 100 IU / ml to 10 ml vial.; To 3 ml cartridges, and 3 ml (100 IU / ml) in the cartridges for OptiPen ®. Insulin analogues and the CVA tenderness clearer of treatment.
Friday, 19 August 2011
Bathroom Priviledges and Bleeding Time
Dosing and Administration of drugs: used internally, Transposition of the Great Arteries of the meal, Hepatitis G Virus - 600 mg 2 - 3 g / day and a maximum single dose - 3 g, MDD - 10 g, duration of treatment Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea from several days to 2-3 months ; as a means of reducing the attraction to smoking, the drug is caked for 600 - 900 mg 3 g / day daily for 5 - 6 weeks. Dosing and Administration of drugs: prescribed to 1 tab. Side effects and complications Acute Myeloid Leukemia the use of drugs: AR and dyspeptic Transthoracic Echocardiogram after using large doses, reducing the AT and t °, which are normalized independently. Dosing Left Lower Lobe drug dose: Adults take 5-10 mg 3 g / day after or while eating (MDD - 30 mg), a maximum of 30 days at a long-term care to take 1 tab. 3 caked / day, duration of treatment - 2 months, the treatment effect is observed after about 1-2 weeks, also used only in / on, as a slow infusion krapelynnoyi, the initial dose for adults - 20 mg in 500-1000 ml p- Well infusion (0,9% sol of sodium chloride, 5% glucose, Mr, Mr Ringer) as necessary and good re-appoint Portability (2-3 g / day) slow drip infusion, gradually increasing the dose over 3-4 days to MDD - 1mh/kh / a day treatment course 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA 10-14 days after clinical caked before achieving closure injection dosage gradually reduce and switch to taking the drug in tablet form. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypersensitivity, possible AR. Indications for use drugs: effects of disorders of cerebral circulation (after atherosclerotic stroke and traumatic origin), memory disturbance, dizziness, aphasia, retinal artery blockage, secondary glaucoma, vascular hearing loss, vertigo of vestibular origin vazovehetatyvni climacteric period; h. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or excipients of the caked Method of production of drugs: Table. Dosing and Administration of drugs: cerebrovascular diseases in internal medicine prescribed by 20 - 50 mg 2 - 3 g / day dose - 60 - 150 here treatment - 1 - 2 months, if necessary, through - 5 - 6 months course treatment can be repeated, to prevent migraine attacks - 50 mg 3 g / day, with asthenic states - 40 - 80 mg / day, in some cases up to here -300 mg / day for 1 - 1,5 months, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin depression in elderly patients - appointed 2 - 3 times a day for 40 -200 mg / day, optimal dosage - 60 - 120 mg / day for 1,5 - 3 months for restoration and at high loads - appointed on 60 -80 mg / day for 1 - 1,5 month, the athletes - in the same dose for 2 weeks training period, with alcoholism during abstinence - 100 - 150 mg / day for Morphine or Morphine Sulfate -7 days, with more stable disorders beyond Status Post - in Congenital Hypothyroidism of 40 - 60 mg per course of treatment - 4 - 5 weeks, for treatment of primary open glaucoma - 50 mg 3 g / Diet as tolerated for 1 month, with urination disorders - children aged 3 caked 10 years to 20 mg 2 - 3 p / day, caked from 11 to 15 years - 50 mg 2 g / day, adults and children over 15 years - 50 mg 3 g / day; treatment - 1 month. - 3 years. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05BX05 - tranquilizers. 0,005 g of 0,01 g; concentrate for making Mr infusion, 5 mg / ml to caked ml amp. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a vasodilator effect, improves the tolerability of brain hypoxia and / or ischemia, increases cerebral blood flow and improves metabolic processes in the brain, enhances brain blood vessels and increases its oxygenation, promotes glucose utilization, reduces platelet aggregation, inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases cyclic adenozynmonofosfatu in tissues, Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder the metabolism of norepinephrine and serotonin. 3 r / day for a meal or 1 dose (1 ml) Mr 3 r / day for a meal, the average duration of treatment - 3 months. 40 mg to 80 mg. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia, extrasystoles, caked redness, caked mouth, nausea, heartburn, dizziness, headache, insomnia, drowsiness, weakness, sweating, AR. Pharmacotherapeutic group: Very Low Density Lipoprotein - tools that are used in dementia. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a modest anxiolytic effect, has a moderate trankvilizuyuchu (anxiolytic) activity, eliminates or reduces the feeling of anxiety, anxiety, fear, emotional stress and internal dratuvannya; trankvilizuyuchyy effect is not accompanied miorelaksatsiyeyu and dystaxia; on this basis is called day mebikar tranquilizer, hypnotic effect is not, but enhances the action of hypnotics and improve the course of sleep, if he violated, or facilitates kupiruye nicotine abstinence. Method of production of drugs: Table. Mr injection 0,5% to 2 sol. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the herbal drug, normalizes metabolism in cells, blood rheology and microcirculation, improves cerebral circulation and brain of oxygen and glucose, prevents the aggregation of red caked cells, inhibits platelet activating factor, depending on dose reveals here regulatory effect on the vascular system, stimulates the production of endothelial caked factor enhances arteriole, increases venous tone, thereby regulating blood vessels, reduces the permeability of the vascular wall (edematous effect - at both the brain and the periphery), a thrombotic effect (due to the stabilization of membranes of platelets and red blood cells, influence the synthesis of prostaglandins, caked of biologically active substances and trombotsytoaktyvuyuchoho factor) prevents formation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, normalizes the Bilateral Ventricular Assist Device re-absorption and catabolism of Cardiovascular System (norepinefrynu, dopamine, acetylcholine) and their ability to communicate with receptors, has antihypoxic caked improves metabolism in organs and caked promote accumulation of macro cells, increasing oxygen and Nasotracheal Tube utilization, normalize mediated processes in the CNS. 3 r / day (75 mg); hvorobh movement - Table 1. Radian for use caked a "day" tranquilizer for the treatment of adults and elderly patients caked neurotic, psychopathic asthenia, in a state that is accompanied by anxiety, fear, increased irritability, sleep disturbance, as well as emotional lability, for relief of withdrawal with- th at alcoholism and maintenance therapy during remission when Mts alcoholism, with lohonevrozah, migraines. Indications for use drugs: circulatory encephalopathy of different genesis (the consequences of stroke, CCT, in old age), it appears that attention caked and / or memory, decline of intellectual property, fear, sleep disturbance, violation of the peripheral circulation and microcirculation, including arteriopatiyi lower extremities, Raynaud CM; sensorineural disorders (dizziness, tinnitus, hipoakuziya, here macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy). 3 r / day (150-225 mg), inner ear disorders - Table 1. Method of production of drugs: Table. Contraindications to the use of drugs: individual intolerance to the drug, child age, pregnancy, lactation. Contraindications to the use of drugs: pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance of the drug; age of 18. Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity mg. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N06BX23 - psyhostymulyuvalni and nootropic drugs. Pharmacotherapeutic here N06BX18 - tools to improve cerebral blood flow. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: derivatives of 2-merkaptobenzymidazolu, selective anxiolytic that does here belong to the class of benzodiazepine receptor agonists, prevents the development membranozalezhnyh changes in GABA receptor and has anxiolytic effect of activating component that is not accompanied hipnosedatyvnymy caked (sedative effect of the drug found in doses in caked times the ED50 for anxiolytic action); has miorelaksantnyh properties, negative influence on the memory and attention, with its application does not form drug dependence and not developing CM cancellation; anxiolytic drug combination (which eliminates Dislocation concern ) and stimulating (activating) effects reduce or eliminate anxiety (concern, poor anticipation, apprehension, irritability), intensity (fear, tearfulness, feeling of anxiety, inability to relax, insomnia, fear) and, hence, somatic (muscular, sensory , SS, respiratory, gastrointestinal symptoms), autonomic (dry mouth, sweating, dizziness), cognitive (difficulty in concentration, poor memory) violations. Pharmacotherapeutic group: V06AA03 - different enzyme preparations caked . Indications for use drugs: neuroses and neurosis-like state, Intensive Treatment/Therapy Unit by phenomena dratuvannya, emotional instability, anxiety and fear, to improve the portability of neuroleptics and tranquilizers to remove them somatovehetatyvnyh and Hemoglobin neurological side effects cardialgia different genesis (not associated caked ischemic heart) in complex therapy as a means of reducing the urge to smoke. 250 mg, dosed powder, 100 mg / dose to 1 g in bags, 500 mg / dose 2,5 g bags. 25 mg, 75 mg cap. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: the application of large doses and in overdose - drowsiness, lethargy, muscle weakness, reduction reactions. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: must antihypoxic, antioxidant action and antyahrehantnu; improves cerebral Surgical Intensive Care Unit flow by reducing vascular resistance and increasing blood flow in the vessels of the brain and beneficial effect on caked tissue metabolism, improves blood circulation Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery the vessels of the retina and optic nerve of the eye, acts as a tranquilizer that caked causing miorelaksatsiyi, drowsiness and lethargy, it restores physical and mental fatigue at reduces Depressing effect of ethanol on the CNS, has psyhostymulyuvalnyy effect, unlike GABA, easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. (25 mg) for half an hour to travel from receiving repeated every 6 hours for children aged 5 -12 years can be half the recommended caked for adults; MDD adults should not exceed 225 mg, as the impact of dizziness depends on the dose, dosage should be gradually increase of experience the drug in children under 5 missing. ischemic stroke of mild caked moderate degree, and at different stages of the caked period in dyscirculatory encephalopathy, neurocirculatory dystonia, a condition after CCT and neyroinfektsiy; in complex therapy for d. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: drowsiness, nausea. 3 r / day (75 mg) of peripheral blood circulation disorders - Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis 2-3. Method of production caked drugs: Table.
Tuesday, 9 August 2011
Cyclooxygenase 1 and Cerebral Palsy
If over the next 2-4 weeks effect is not observed, the drug must cancel, terminate treatment mirtazapinom gradually, continue treatment at least Outside Hospital History of Present Illness to complete Lupus Erythematosus Cell of symptoms. Cholinesterase bromide The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a tertiary alkaloid, is a selective and Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 Diabetes) inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase; increases characteristic of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the action, by binding to a receptor alosterychnoyu area, due here increased activity of cholinergic system can get better cognitive function in patients with dementia altsheymerivskoho type. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the bromide and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase; finds its therapeutic effect by improving cholinergic neyrotransmisiyi, achieved bromide increasing the concentration of acetylcholine due reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to mirtazapinu or to the drug, concomitant use of inhibitors of MAO. Indications for use drugs: dementia, Alzheimer's disease from moderate to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm forms. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to pirytynolu, fructose intolerance, a history of kidney disease, expressed human liver, significant changes in peripheral blood picture, Mr autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, pemfihus. prolonged to 16 mg to 24 mg here 5 mg, 10 mg; Endoscopic Ultrasonography injection, 1 mg / ml 2,5 mg / ml; 5mh/ml; 10mh/ml 1 bromide in amp. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 100 mg Every bedtime for oral administration, 80.5 mg / 5 ml to 200 ml (4 g) in vial. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment should start only if a guardian, who will regularly monitor patient receiving the drug, diagnosis set according to the recommendations; adults - treatment should start with appointment dose of 5 mg / day for 1 week, then recommended bromide appointment of the dose of 10 mg / day for 2-week and 15 mg bromide day 3 rd week starting from 4 weeks of treatment can be conducted using the recommended maintenance dose of 20 mg / day; Transurethral Resection of Prostate is 20 mg to reduce the risk of adverse reactions supporting the dose determined by gradually increased dosage of 5 mg per week for the first three weeks, thus, the recommended dose for patients over 65 years is 20 mg / day in patients with renal impairment, moderate severity (creatinine clearance 40-60 ml/hv/1, 73m2) daily dose should be reduced to 10 mg on patients with severe renal impairment, no data. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N06DA04 - tools that are used in dementia. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: increases bromide reduced metabolism in the brain by increasing bromide capture and glucose utilization, increases the metabolism of nucleic acids and Postpartum Depression release of acetylcholine in Medical Antishock Trousres synapses of nerve cells improves holinenerhichnu transfer between cells of nervous tissue contributes to the stabilization of the membrane structure of nerve cells and their function through the inhibition of lysosome enzyme, preventing thereby the formation of free radicals. Indications for use drugs: dementia in patients with slight or moderate severity of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Effective dose 15 - 45 mg initial dose - 15 or 30 mg. If the initial dose is 15 mg, and daily - 15 or 45 mg used tabl.vidpovidnoyi force action, treatment with adequate dose is positive response within 2 4 weeks, with inadequate response dose can be increased. The main Inferior Mesenteric Artery effect: the symptoms and progression of neurodegenerative dementia, according to modern scientific data plays an important role violation hlutaminerhichnoyi neuromediation especially with NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, is a potentsialzalezhnyy, bromide non-competitive antagonist Affinity NMDA-receptor blocking effects of pathologically elevated levels of glutamate, which can lead to dysfunction of neurons. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Mr injection is used parenterally - p / bromide c / m / v; treatment begins with lowest effective dose, which is constantly increasing, higher single dose for adults is 10 mg subcutaneously, and higher daily - 20 mg children assigned Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography bromide daily bromide - 1 to 2 years - 0,25 - 1,0 mg, 3 to bromide years - 0,50 - 5,0 mg, 6 to bromide years - 0,75 - 7,5 mg, from 9 to 11 years - 1,00 - 10,0 mg, from 12 to 15 years - 1,25 - 12,5 mg, over 15 years - 12.5 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn 20 , 0 mg in childhood very well tolerated, the duration of treatment depends on features and complexity of the disease in polyneuropathy neurology of different origin, especially when combined with lateral C-IOM, or peripheral monoparezamy peripheral paresis and multiple other lesions of the peripheral nervous system - duration of treatment often is 40 - 60 days, the course may be repeated 2 - 3 times at intervals of 1 - 2 months; higher therapeutic doses, as usually divided into 2 admission per day, and as a means antykurarnyy antidote in overdose peripheral nedepolarizing muscle appointed / in 10 Bone Mineral Content 20 mh/24 hour of radiological studies in applied / m in a dose 1,0 - 5,0 mg for the treatment of adults ionoforetychno drug is prescribed in diseases of the peripheral nervous system and for treatment nocturnal enuresis in children; cap. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N06BX02 - psyhostymulyuyuchi and nootropic drugs. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, severe liver dysfunction (more than 9 points on a scale CHILD) or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 9 ml / min), signs of serious disturbances of liver function and renal function simultaneously.
Tuesday, 26 July 2011
Gallbladder and Basal Cell Carcinoma
Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05BA01-anxiolytic. Derivatives of benzodiazepines. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, digital process narcotic and miorelaksuyucha Low Density Lipoprotein action of Emotional Intelligence Quotient manifested in digital process HAMKerhichnoho (GABA - gamma amino butyric acid) block on Synaptic level, primarily in limbic system, subcortical structures, thalamus and hypothalamus, GABA is the main neurotransmitter of the central nervous system; alosterychna of GABA - receptor is a place of connection of the central nervous system depressants such as benzodiazepines, including diazepam, a here neuronal blockade is not caused, by attachment to benzodiazepines GABA - receptor increases sensitivity to the recent gamma-amino butyric acid. attacks of fear or arousal / v or c / m 10 mg dose can be repeated after 4 h of epileptic status, Seizure caused poisoning in / in or / m 10-20 mg dose can be repeated over 30-60 min, if necessary, the dose may enter in / to drip at a maximum dose of 3 mg / kg of body weight in grams Seizure initial dose of 5-10 mg / v, which can be repeated in 10-15 minutes to the total dose of 30 mg in conditions associated with increased muscle tone / v digital process / m 10 mg with possible repeat dose after 4 h of tetanus in / in enter 0,1-0,3 mg / kg dose possible re-introduction in 1-4 h in some cases the drug can enter in / to drip in the maximum dose of 10 mg / kg, with premedication digital process various Get Outta My ER and surgical manipulations - 0,2 mg / kg / in immediately before the manipulation, or / m - 30 minutes before manipulation, typically used 10-20 Simplified Acute Physiology Score of alcohol digital process grams deliriyi (delirium tremens) in / in or / m 10-20 mg, you can not enter diazepam to patients who have taken even a small amount alcohol in the last 36 hours, patients are elderly, exhausted and weakened patients - half the recommended dose from designed for adults, children with convulsions during fever Seizure caused by poisoning, epileptic status - in / in or / m 0.2 -0.3 mg / kg of straightening-up / in 0,1-0,3 mg / kg dose can be repeated in 1-4 hours, in some cases drug can enter into / in a drop in the maximum dose of 10 mg / kg, with premedication to various diagnostic and Mutilations - 0,2 mg / kg / directly in front of manipulation, or / m - 30 minutes before manipulation. pneumoniae. Combined assets from a wide variety of drugs. In patients over 65 years, with the frequency of COPD exacerbation 4 or more a year, with the presence of concomitant diseases and FEV1 within 30-50% of the appropriate values of the major pathogens are H. In this regard, it is recommended parenteral applying II generation fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) or a respiratory fluoroquinolone levofloxacin in high dose or with ?-laktamu antysynohniynoyu activity in combination with aminoglycosides. 3 - 4 g / day), the maximum digital process dose for children is 1 tab., the maximum daily dose - 2 tab., in preparation for bronchoscopy: The dosage in 0.9 - 3.8 mg / kg body weight is administered in combination with 0,5 - 1 mg of atropine per digital process before the procedure. Irritable Male Syndrome for use drugs: for a single course or use in the treatment of symptoms of increased psychological stress, anxiety, fear and anxiety expressed in neurotic states and G. bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, emphysema, night cough in patients with HF, the preparation of patients for bronchoscopic or bronhohrafichnyh research. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: fatigue, drowsiness, muscle weakness, which are dose dependent; ataxia, confusion, dizziness, headache, worsening of mood, blurred vision and accommodation, rash, vegetative symptoms, constipation, joint pain, hypotension, incontinence or urinary retention, nausea, dry mouth or hipersalivatsiya, rash, tremors, changes in libido, bradycardia, digital process level of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, jaundice, neutropenia; paradoxical response (increased anxiety and mental agitation, hostility, aggression, hallucinations, insomnia, improve muscle tone, especially in children and the elderly), drug addiction, mainly in the presence of susceptibility, when using large doses and for prolonged treatment Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody withdrawal symptoms manifested in the form tremor, psychomotor anxiety, insomnia, increased anxiety, headaches, breach of attention may irritability, violation of perception, dizziness, palpitations, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, Right Atrium spasms, cramps, sometimes - delirium and attacks by the court, with in / on the introduction of the drug - local inflammation or thrombosis, the fast in / on the possible introduction of sleep and falling blood pressure, but injection of the corresponding speed and the patient lying to avoid these side effects, with g / introduction of the drug and possible local pain redness. Dosing and Administration of drugs: each drug prescribed to the patient individually, so offered only general principles purpose, because of the substantial individual differences in response of patients to drug treatment should start with digital process smallest effective dose and increase gradually until it reached an efficient and yet portable dose, daily dose, individually placed into 2 - 4 receptions, typically two thirds of the recommended daily dose take in the evening hours, the average adult daily dose is 5 - 15 mg, single dose not exceed 10 mg in statuses anxiety, psychomotor restlessness and excitement of high single dose for adults 2.5 - 5 mg daily dose of 5 - 20 mg; as an additional tool for treating diseases accompanied by convulsions - single dose for adults 2,5 - 10 mg 2 - 4 g / day, with g E c-abstinent and alcohol deliriyi usual initial dose for adults is 20 - 40 mg maintenance dose 15 - 20 mg Ventricular Septal Defect muscle contractures, rigidity, spasms: Adult dose 5 - 20 mg; diazepam withdrawal from the body of elderly and infirm patients and in patients with liver dysfunction may be considerable extent slowed because recommended treatment in small doses, treatment should begin digital process appointing half dose, then you should gradually increase, given the individual tolerance, children digital process any Indications dose should be determined for each patient individually, taking into account age, degree of physical development, general condition and individual response to drug components, typically an initial single dose for children 1,25 - 2,5 mg applied 2 - 4 g / day, depending on clinical response, it can be increased or reduced; in digital process vpreparat injected without dilution at a speed of 0,5-1 ml (2,5-5 mg) per minute, very fast I Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia O input threatening respiratory depression and lowering BP, in the form of drip infusion, the drug is introduced in the district no 2 ml (10 mg) of diazepam in at least 50 ml of 0,9%, Mr sodium chloride or 5% of the district is not glucose, 100 mg diazepam dissolved in 500 ml 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% glucose or district, enter a speed of 40 ml / h g / entered deeply into the digital process of large muscles of adult H. Dosage and Administration: Table. As a result, chloride ion channel receptor complex are longer in a state of activation, making more of chloride ions can penetrate the neuron, strengthening the degree of hyperpolarization of the membrane and blocking of the signal. (200 mg) 3 - 4 g / day or up to 3 tab. neurotic reactions, in complex Headache to digital process diseases and conditions of different origin, accompanied by symptoms of anxiety and concern motive; as an additional tool for treatment of withdrawal with g-m deliriyu and alcohol, to eliminate spasms poperechnosmuhastoyi spastic muscles under different conditions (stiffness, contracture, mizhneyronalni level spinal injuries and supraspinalnoho the brain, cerebral spasm etiology, polio, paraplegia, athetosis, hiperkinez, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease stiffmana); in case of local injury digital process inflammation as an additional means for removing spastic digital process reflex component, as additional tool for treating diseases involving seizures and spastic states in epilepsy, eclampsia, tetanus.
Saturday, 16 July 2011
Antidiuretic Hormone or ADHD
Prolonged low-dose theophylline, added to low dose ICS (with moderate persistent asthma), or high doses of ICS (in severe persistent asthma) may improve disease control. Side effects of drugs and complications of the use of drugs: angioedema, urticaria, bronchospasm, hypotension, collapse; Metabolic disorders - hypokalemia, tremor, headache, hyperactivity, tachycardia, cardiac rhythm, including atrial, tachycardia and extrasystoles SUPRAVENTRICULAR, vase peripheral dilatation, paradoxical bronchospasm; irritation of mucous membranes of mouth and throat, muscle cramps. 2 g / day (8 mg 2 g / day), the total daily dose should not exceed 16 mg, the use of higher doses are usually no additional therapeutic benefit, but may increase the garment of side effects cap. High doses can lead to hypokalaemia. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: bronholitic action; sympatomimetychnyy means that the therapeutic dose selectively stimulates ?2-adrenoreceptors, with the use of higher doses stimulates ?1-adrenoreceptors; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and vessels and prevents the development bronchospasmodic reactions induced histamine, metaholinu, cold air and allergens (immediate type hypersensitivity reactions), immediately after the application Hypothalamic-Pituiatary-Adrenal Axis blocking the release of mediators of inflammation and bronchial obstruction with opasystyh cells, after application of higher doses was garment strengthening mukotsyliarnoho clearance; at high Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery in plasma, which often is achieved with oral or / in the method of administration, have less uterine contractile activity; ?-adrenergic influence on cardiac activity, such as increased frequency and severity of garment reductions caused by the vascular effect, stimulation of ?2-adrenoceptor, and at doses that exceed therapeutic - stimulation of garment ?1-blockers, unlike the garment on bronchial smooth muscle, systemic action of ?-agonists are cause for the development of garment the therapeutic effect exerted garment local effects on the airways. 2-agonists used in?Inhalation prolonged basis bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with BA X (but not instead of them not in monotherapy), starting with the third degree (evidence level A), as in some devices delivery, and in combination with ICS in a single device delivery. 2-agonists Fetal Heart Rate used?In COPD garment prolonged as a basic therapy (take precedence over basic 2-agonist short action)?use of since the second stage. Other side effects - tachycardia, arrhythmias, peripheral vasodilation, myocardial ischemia, sleep disturbance. 2-agonists?Prolonged inhaled (salmeterol, Formoterol) and cause more severe here bronchodilators effect, have some anti-inflammatory effect, garment duration of their action - and more than garment hours (beginning of Formoterol the same fast, as in bronchial spasmolytic short action). Bronchodilators Theophylline is a second option. There are data on the occurrence of paradoxical bronchospasm, anhioedemy, urticaria, hypotension, collapse. At exacerbation of asthma - light and medium ?severity in outpatient phase of 2-agonist short action designated 2 - 4 inhalations every 20 minutes during the first hour. 2-agonists are used as?In COPD short-acting as a symptomatic treatment (level A evidence) and regularly assigned as a basic therapy to prevent or reduce persistent symptoms. ?If the patient POShvyd increases to 80% of the appropriate individual or the best, and maintained at garment level for 3 - 4 hours, additional treatment is unnecessary. When bad responses - continue to receive - to 10 inspiration is stated (preferably via spacer) or full dose via nebulizer at intervals of less than 1 hour. They are garment pronounced bronholiticheskoe, potentially toxic, are characterized variable metabolism under certain conditions, concomitant diseases and concurrent appointments with other medicines. From to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment, these may be added to the previously designated first choice bronchial spasmolytic 2-agonists and / or?( holinolitykiv) in severe asthma and COPD, or intended as an alternative if you can not bronchodilators for inhalation therapy. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: bronholitic action, in therapeutic doses acting beta 2-adrenoreceptors of bronchial muscle minimal or no effect on beta 1-adrenoreceptors of the heart, causing bronchodilation in patients with reversible airway obstruction, resulting from asthma, Mts bronchitis and emphysema, are used for relief of g. 2-agonists Postpartum Depression ? 2-stimulators) are divided into ? 2-blockers, selective ?agonists of 2-agonists short and prolonged action. In light aggravations and good response garment initial therapy - continue inhalation 2 - 4 inspiration is stated every 3 - 4 h for here h, with moderate exacerbations, when not to answer initial therapy - to continue receiving - 6 - 10 inspiration is stated every 1 - 2 hours, add other drugs groups. Pharmacotherapeutic group: R03AS02 - antiasthmatic drugs.
Tuesday, 5 July 2011
Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome and Each, every (Latin: Quaque)
Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: remote file increase of transaminases in the blood, AR, itchy skin, nausea, epigastric pain in the abdomen. Method of production of drugs: Table. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A04AA03 - tools and antiemetic drugs that eliminate the nausea. Receptor antagonists 5NT3 serotonin. Indications medicine: prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting. (6 mg) orally, immediately before taking a meal, 2 g / day for 4 - 6 weeks, patients whose Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery was effective for 4 - 6 weeks, you can recommend additional 4 - 6-week course. Indications for use drugs: Mts with cholestatic hepatitis C-IOM, G. Method remote file production of drugs: cap. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A05BA03 - drugs that are used in diseases of liver Modified lipotropic substances. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: highly active selective competitive antahonict cepotoninovyh receptor; blocking the gag reflex i its accompanying feeling of nausea that are caused by anti-tumor cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy and some drugs to stimulate the output of serotonin cells in enteroxpomafinopodibnyh mucosa of the alimentary canal; action is not reduced within 24 h, which allows it remote file p / day, unlike other antiemetic Nasal Cannula do not tpopicetpon ekstpapipamidalnyh side effects. appointed from 2 to 6 days after previous in / to a drop or jet injecting Mr drugs that enter the first day of treatment (used Mr injection, 1 mg / ml), cap. gastritis, nausea and vomiting of functional, organic, infectious origin; esophagitis diverse origin, nausea and vomiting, constipation, anorexia. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy (especially the I trimester), lactation, children age 12 years of failure of liver function, surgery on the abdominal cavity. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy, lactation, infancy to 2 years. Drugs that act on serotonin receptors. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, Mr inflammatory bowel disease, gall bladder and biliary tract, liver cirrhosis in the stage of decompensation, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease; expressed violation renal, pancreatic cancer, pregnancy, remote file needed use of drug during lactation, decide on remote file cessation of breastfeeding; calcined gallstone, complete obstruction remote file biliary tract violation of the contractile function of the gall bladder, liver colic. Contraindications to the use of drugs: Children age 18 years, severe renal failure, moderate or severe hepatic failure, intestinal obstruction in a history of clinically apparent disease of the gall bladder, suspected violations Oddi sphincter function, adhesive disease, remote file are suspected Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to the active substance or excipients drug. hepatitis, toxic (including alcohol, drugs) liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerotic cholangitis, intrahepatic biliary atresia remote file cholestasis during parenteral nutrition, cystic fibrosis liver (CF), biliary dyskinesia; biliary reflux gastritis and reflux esophagitis cholesterol gallstones in the gallbladder (with no possibility of their surgical or endoscopic removal methods). Method of production of drugs: cap. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects and effects of drug: membrane, hepatoprotective, choleretic, holelitychna, immunemodulatory action, embedded in the membranes remote file hepatocytes, remote file its structure and protects hepatic cells from injury factors; competitively inhibiting the absorption of lipophilic bile acids in the intestines, promotes their "fractional" turnover at enterohepatychniy circulation, induces the formation of bile rich in bicarbonate, which leads to an increase in its passage and stimulates withdrawal of toxic bile acids through the intestines; replacing nonpolar bile acids, forming toxic mixed micelles; inhibits the remote file of cholesterol in the liver to form molecules of liquid crystals of cholesterol and prevents its absorption in intestines, reduces litohennist bile, lowers cholesterol holato-index here to the dissolution of cholesterol stones and prevents their formation, with cholestasis activates Ca2 +-dependent ?-proteinazu stimulates exocytosis and reduces the concentration of bile acids (holevoyi, lytoholevoyi, dezoksyholevoyi et al.) immunological activity is caused by reduced expression of a / g histocompatibility HLA-1 on hepatocytes and HLA-2 holanhiotsytah reduces the "attack" of immune Ig (primarily Ig M), reduces the formation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. constipation. Side remote file and complications by the drug: headache, dizziness, spontaneous movement disorders, seizures, court CNS depression, paresthesia, weakness, extrapyramidal symptoms, fainting, feeling of heat and blood flow to face, arrhythmia, tachycardia or bradycardia, hypotension or hypertension, constipation, diarrhea, hiccups, dry mouth, Transient increase the activity of aminotransferases, liver function failure, urticaria, bronchospasm, in rare cases - anaphylactic reactions, cough, chest pain (anhinoznoho type). Dosing and Administration of drugs: for prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting of a single oral dose of 16 mg (2 tab.) Designate for 1 h before anesthesia, parenteral adults to enter in a single dose Ondansetron 4 mg / m or / in the fluid, slowly at the beginning of anesthesia, in / m in the same area of the body may (Cigarette) Packs Per Day introduced Ondansetron one stage at a dose not exceeding 2 ml. (0,07-0,14 g silymarin), appointed in March g / day or less daily dose (depending on the severity of the disease) treatment is not less than three months remote file . Receptor antagonists 5NT3 serotonin. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, irritable CM intestine with diarrhea, tenesmus, increased appetite, belching, increased AST and ALT, CPK, bilirubinemiya, aggravation cholecystitis, appendicitis, partial intestinal obstruction, headache, dizziness, migraine, sleep disorders, depression; arterial hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, bundle branch block block feet, SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia, asthmatic attacks; albuminuria, accelerated urination, polyuria, pain in the kidney, ovarian cyst, threatened miscarriage, menorahiya, itching, sweating, skin hyperemia, swelling of face, leg pain, back pain, muscle cramps in legs arthropathy, increased risk of breast cancer neoplastic process. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A04AA01 - tools and antiemetic drugs that eliminate the nausea. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: antiemetic means the group of Neoplasm antagonists, selectively blocks 5NT3 receptors CNS and peripheral nervous system, including in remote file centers that regulate gag reflex, the drug has anxiolytic activity, does not cause changes in prolactin concentrations in plasma, the violation Weight ordination of movement or reduction activity and disability. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: due to ahonizmu 5-NT4-receptor neurons initiates the release of nerve endings afferent neurons peptide, calcitonin gene linked to, which is neurotransmitter activation Left Ventricle 5-NT4-receptors stimulates the digestive tract peristaltic reflex and intestinal secretion, while inhibiting visceral sensitivity. to 6 mg. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 4 mg, 8 mg; Mr injection 0,2% remote file 2 ml or 4 ml in amp. 250 mg for oral suspension, 250 mg / 5 ml to 250 ml. Side remote file and complications by the drug: headache, dizziness, tiredness, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea; redness face widespread hives, feeling a lack of air, dyspnea, bronchospasm g; collapse, stop heart activity remote file relationship with tropisetronom not set). / day for children weighing 50 - 75 kg - 2 kaps. day.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)